Annuities are designed to provide retirement income and help you meet your financial needs as you age.

　　Purchasing an annuity is a little like buying a car. They come in several varieties and have standard features (the base model), but you may want to add some bells and whistles to customize your ride to your liking.

　　Annuities are similar in that you can buy a basic annuity contract, but many annuities also offer add-ons—called riders—to help tailor the annuity to your needs and desires.

　　Annuities: The basic typesAnnuity contracts come in several varieties. Some of the basic types include:

　　Fixed annuities. These pay a fixed amount for the term of the annuity contract.Variable annuities. The benefit amounts vary depending on the performance of underlying investments. Immediate annuities. Payments begin for a specific period as soon as one month after the contract is signed.Deferred annuities. Payments start at least one year after the date of the signed contract and continue for a specific period.Indexed annuities. Benefit amounts are based in part on the performance of a stock index, such as the S&P 500. Riders are annuity add-ons that can enhance the coverage or benefits of a given annuity contract to better meet your needs.

　　Living benefit ridersLiving benefit riders provide benefits to the contract owner during their lifetime:

　　Cost-of-living riders increase annuity payments to offset the impact of inflation. How often adjustments are made, and any limits on the amount of the increases, are defined in the rider.Long-term care riders boost the amount of the monthly payment to cover long-term care costs if needed.Disability income riders provide a payment for a specified period if the contract owner becomes disabled.Guaranteed minimum accumulation benefit (GMAB) riders ensure you won’t lose the principal (the amount you initially invested) in a variable annuity (in case its investments don’t perform well, or even lose money).Guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefit (GMWB) riders guarantee a minimum stream of lifetime benefits based on the principal paid into a variable annuity, regardless of how its investments perform.Death benefit ridersMost annuity contracts include a death benefit that’s paid to the contract owner’s beneficiaries (typically family members). These benefits vary from contract to contract and from insurer to insurer. Death benefit riders allow contract owners to tailor the death benefit to their desires.

　　Guaranteed death benefit riders typically pay out when the contract owner dies during the contract accumulation period. There may be a guaranteed death benefit, or the rider might allow a new annuitant to be named.Return of premium riders ensure that any remaining premiums left in the contract will be returned to the beneficiaries.Spousal protection riders provide a surviving spouse with either a lump-sum death benefit or the ability to assume ownership of the annuity.Understanding the cost of the riderAs with any financial product, knowing how much the rider costs and how you’ll pay for it is important. For example, the cost of the rider might be added to the annuity’s premium payment amount during the accumulation period. Or you might pay for it by reducing the annuitization amount (the regular payments you receive) or the amount of any lump-sum payouts.

　　Be sure to identify any out-of-pocket costs, what the coverage includes, and what might be limited or excluded from the rider.

　　Are annuity riders worth the cost?Figure out whether an annuity rider is worth the cost by asking yourself a few questions:

　　Do I need the benefit provided by the rider?Is the level of the benefit provided by the rider a good value?Does it have any limitations or exclusions?Is there another way to get this benefit that’s either more comprehensive or more cost-effective?To the last point, disability insurance, for example, is often available as a workplace benefit. These employer-sponsored policies may be cheaper than a disability rider and provide more comprehensive benefits. Similarly, a life insurance policy may offer a better, more cost-effective way to provide a death benefit to your loved ones.

　　The bottom lineRiders allow you to customize your annuity by adding features and benefits. They can include living benefits, such as long-term care or protection against inflation. Death benefit riders, in contrast, provide a payment to a spouse or other beneficiaries after you die.

　　Just be sure you understand the value a given rider provides relative to its cost before you add it to your annuity contract. And if the person or company selling you the annuity is unwilling to give you a full breakdown—in writing—it’s OK to take a step back, and get a second opinion from a trusted financial pro, before you sign.

　　ReferencesSelecting Annuity Riders and Features | nationwide.comAnnuity Riders and Contract Provisions | annuity.orgEverything You Need To Know About Annuity Riders | annuityfyi.com