zpostcode
doping
Jun 23, 2026 10:59 PM

  doping drug abuse Actions Share Share Share to social media Facebook X URL https://www.britannica.com/science/doping Share Share Share to social media Facebook X URL https://www.britannica.com/science/doping Written by Kara Rogers Kara Rogers is the senior editor of biomedical sciences at Encyclopædia Britannica, where she oversees a range of content from medicine and genetics to microorganisms. She joined Britannica in 2006 and... Kara Rogers Fact-checked by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica Last Updated: Sep 5, 2024 • Article History Table of Contents doping, use of substances or techniques to illegally improve human performance and, more specifically, to gain a competitive advantage in athletic events. In the realm of sports, doping is a complex issue, owing to impacts on not only the physical and mental health of athletes but also on the fairness and image of athletic competition. There are different forms of doping, which generally are classified as blood doping, gene doping, mechanical doping, and the use of performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs). Blood doping involves the use of substances or techniques that increase the number of circulating red blood cells or that increase ...(100 of 950 words)

  Access the full article Help support true facts by becoming a member. Subscribe today!

Comments
Welcome to zpostcode comments! Please keep conversations courteous and on-topic. To fosterproductive and respectful conversations, you may see comments from our Community Managers.
Sign up to post
Sort by
Show More Comments
Recommend >
Sinclair C5
     Inventor Clive Sinclair Driving a Sinclair C5 Sir Clive Sinclair demonstrating his C5 electric vehicle, the battery-pedal-powered trike, at Alexandra Palace in London. © PA Images/Getty Images. (more) Sinclair C5 electric vehicle Actions Cite verifiedCite While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or...
Trans-Siberian Orchestra
     Trans-Siberian Orchestra The band performing in concert at Little Caesars Arena, Detroit, December 29, 2018. (more) Trans-Siberian Orchestra American rock band Actions Share Share Share to social media Facebook X URL https://www.britannica.com/topic/Trans-Siberian-Orchestra Share Share Share to social media Facebook X URL https://www.britannica.com/topic/Trans-Siberian-Orchestra Also known as: TSO Written by Charles Preston Charles Preston is Associate Editor for Religion at Encyclopædia...
Charli XCX
  Charli XCX British singer and songwriter Actions Share Share Share to social media Facebook X URL https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charli-XCX Share Share Share to social media Facebook X URL https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charli-XCX Also known as: Charlotte Emma Aitchison Written by Isabel Brodsky Isabel Brodsky is a Chicago-based journalist, playwright, and comedian. Isabel Brodsky Fact-checked by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject...
Bill Watterson
     Bill Watterson Creator of the syndicated cartoon strip Calvin and Hobbes Bill Watterson working on a comic strip at his home in Chagrin Falls, Ohio, February 24, 1986. (more) Bill Watterson American cartoonist Actions Share Share Share to social media Facebook X URL https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bill-Watterson Share Share Share to social media Facebook X URL https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bill-Watterson Also known as: William Boyd...
Information Recommendation
Bel-Ami
     Guy de Maupassant Guy de Maupassant, photograph by Nadar (Gaspard-Félix Tournachon), c. 1885. (more) Bel-Ami novel by Maupassant Actions Cite verifiedCite While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Select Citation Style MLA APA Chicago Manual...
Jaylen Brown
     Jaylen Brown Shooting guard and small forward Jaylen Brown, 2024. (more) Jaylen Brown American basketball player Actions Share Share Share to social media Facebook X URL https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jaylen-Brown Share Share Share to social media Facebook X URL https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jaylen-Brown Also known as: Jaylen Marselles Brown Written by Frannie Comstock Frannie Comstock is a writer based in Chicago. Frannie Comstock Fact-checked by...
American Kennel Club
     A dog show Doberman A Doberman Pinscher competing at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show, New York City, February 14, 2012; the Westminster Kennel Club was one of the first clubs to join the American Kennel Club. (more) American Kennel Club American organization Actions Share Share Share to social media Facebook X URL https://www.britannica.com/topic/American-Kennel-Club Share Share Share to social...
List of Television Series in the Marvel Cinematic Universe
  List of Television Series in the Marvel Cinematic Universe Actions Share Share Share to social media Facebook X URL https://www.britannica.com/topic/List-of-Television-Series-in-the-Marvel-Cinematic-Universe Share Share Share to social media Facebook X URL https://www.britannica.com/topic/List-of-Television-Series-in-the-Marvel-Cinematic-Universe Written by Karen Sottosanti Karen Sottosanti is a writer and editor who works in educational publishing. Karen Sottosanti Fact-checked by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject...
Christina Applegate
     Christina Applegate, 2015 American actress Christina Applegate rose to fame as the airheaded teenage character Kelly Bundy on the sitcom Married... with Children (1987–97). Applegate enjoyed a prolific career, starring in a number of movies and TV shows, such as Anchorman (2004) and Dead to Me (2019–22). (more) Christina Applegate American actress Actions Share Share Share to social media...
Apophis
     OSIRIS-REx at Bennu Artist's conception of the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft collecting a sample from the asteroid Bennu. The actual asteroid is much more rocky than in this depiction. (more) Apophis asteroid Actions Share Share Share to social media Facebook X URL https://www.britannica.com/topic/Apophis Share Share Share to social media Facebook X URL https://www.britannica.com/topic/Apophis Also known as: 99942 Apophis Written by Karen...
esports
     Players compete in the Call of Duty World League Championship 2019 at Pauley Pavilion in Los Angeles Competitive gaming has become a lucrative industry, in which many gamers compete for large cash prizes. (more) esports video games Actions Share Share Share to social media Facebook X URL https://www.britannica.com/sports/esports Share Share Share to social media Facebook X URL https://www.britannica.com/sports/esports Also...
List of Presidents of Iran
     Masoud Pezeshkian Reformist politicians have been largely excluded from Iran's political process in the 2020s. But Pezeshkian, though a reformist, was allowed to compete for president in 2024 and won in the second round. (more) List of Presidents of Iran Actions Share Share Share to social media Facebook X URL https://www.britannica.com/topic/List-of-Presidents-of-Iran Share Share Share to social media Facebook X...