Juan Alberto Grieve (born 1878, Lima, Peru—died July 3, 1950, Lima) was a Peruvian inventor who was the first to design and build a quality automobile in South America.

　　Early life and career Grieve came from a line of talented engineers who had made improvements in Peru’s public transit infrastructure. His grandfather was a Scottish engineer who had arrived in Peru in the 1840s to help build a railway to connect Tacna, Peru, to Arica, Chile. Grieve’s father was also an engineer and worked on the Central Railway (until 2006, officially ranked as the world’s highest-elevation railway), which connects the central mining towns of the Andes Mountains to the Peruvian coast at Callao.

　　Grieve studied mining engineering at the National School of Engineering in Lima. He graduated with honors in 1898. Shortly thereafter Grieve began working as an engineer in Lima, and in his spare time he worked on building self-designed single-phase and three-phase electric motors.

　　Engineering accomplishments In 1905 Grieve designed and built the first internal-combustion engine in South America. Grieve was known for combining his strong grasp of mechanics with his talent in drawing. In 1907, after continuing to experiment with various engine components, he manufactured prototypes of his own automobile.

　　At the time Lima was a small city, where owning a car was a symbol of wealth. Very few people were able to afford one of the 20-some vehicles imported from Europe. Drivers were met with poor road conditions within Lima and even worse conditions outside the main city, and vehicles were quick to fall apart on the rough terrain. Grieve set to work with a plan to satisfy Peru’s need for a car that could maneuver a roadless countryside—something European city vehicles were incapable of at the time. Every element of his automotive vehicle was drawn, drafted, built, and tested in his workshop in Lima. The few imported parts included Michelin tires from France and a Bosch ignition starter from Germany.

　　Grieve’s automobile Grieve’s automobile plans included a four-cylinder engine that could fare better outside a city than typical European engines, which operated at between six and eight horsepower. By 1908 Grieve had successfully completed his first full automobile build, which operated at up to 20 horsepower. Grieve equipped the vehicle with five seats and designed removable rear seats for more storage space. He also crafted a progressive gear change. Grieve’s car was half the price of a European car of the same power.

　　Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Subscribe Now Grieve’s invention, which he called the “Grieve” car, was revered for its mechanical precision and compared to a Renault or a Brasier, both of which were considered some of the best cars of the century. Grieve patented his invention and its unique, handcrafted components.

　　Aftermath of success For his next project, Grieve aimed to construct a fleet of 20 of his vehicles as a way to invest in a national commercialized automotive industry in Peru. His vision of a fleet included three vehicles for the post office and another three for other administrative offices. However, he needed approval from Peruvian Pres. Augusto B. Leguía to enact his ideas. Leguía’s response to Grieve’s proposal was dismissive, stating that Peru needed products from “advanced” countries, not “experiments” with Peruvian products. With no help from the government, Grieve’s vision of a booming Peruvian automotive industry was unrealized.

　　Despite its affordability and proven success on the roads in and around Lima, Grieve’s automobile was eventually discarded and replaced with high-volume, low-quality vehicles imported from the United States. Grieve, or “Old Iron,” as he was eventually nicknamed, spent the rest of his life building and repairing airplane engines. He died without having ever been on a plane himself.