Lana Del ReySinger Lana Del Rey, 2023.(more)Lana Del Rey (born June 21, 1985, Manhattan, New York, U.S.) is an American singer-songwriter known for pairing glamorously morose musical themes with classic Americana and a nostalgic, cinematic visual style. Del Rey’s songs typically focus on relatable, melancholic experiences wrapped in a cultural pastiche of Hollywood’s golden era.

　　Early life The eldest of three children, Del Rey was born Elizabeth Woolridge Grant in Manhattan, where her parents, Robert Grant and Patricia Hill, worked in advertising. When Grant was an infant, the family moved to Lake Placid, a small town in the Adirondack Mountains. Her mother became a teacher, while her father transitioned to a career in real estate and, later, website domain investing. Grant attended a Roman Catholic elementary school and performed in school plays and musicals. In her early teens, however, she began drinking heavily, which led her parents to enroll her in Kent School, a boarding school in Connecticut. By her late teens, she had achieved sobriety.

　　After graduating from Kent, Grant took a gap year and moved to Long Island to live with her aunt and uncle, the latter of whom taught her to play the guitar, which helped Grant develop her musical passions. She then attended Fordham University in the Bronx, graduating in 2008 with a degree in philosophy and a specialization in metaphysics.

　　Becoming Lana Del Rey During her gap year, Grant began performing in clubs and writing songs under the name Lizzy Grant. In 2006 she recorded a demo album titled Sirens under the name May Jailer. About this time she signed with the label 5 Points Records and used the money from her contract to move to New Jersey, where she lived in a trailer park. In 2008 she released the extended-play (EP) album Kill Kill under the name Lizzy Grant, but the album failed to chart.

　　In 2010 Del Rey released the album Lana Del Ray A.K.A. Lizzy Grant on 5 Points Records. (Grant had not yet settled on the spelling of her stage name, initially spelling it “Lana Del Ray.”) The album was released solely on iTunes (a streaming service), but it was unlisted after just a couple of months, reportedly at the request of the singer and her management team. She then broke with 5 Points and moved to London, where she worked with songwriter Justin Parker on several songs, including “Video Games.” In the meantime, she had begun her transformation into Lana Del Rey. She adopted a new look that drew upon pop culture icons of the past such as Marilyn Monroe and Priscilla Presley. Del Rey described her image as “gangster Nancy Sinatra,” referencing the blonde bombshell pop singer who scored a hit in the 1960s with the song “These Boots Are Made for Walkin’.” However, this creative transformation into a provocative new identity, though a typical process undergone by many pop music artists, would spark a backlash regarding the authenticity of Del Rey’s work when she, at last, emerged as a star.

　　Breakthrough: “Video Games,” Born to Die, and Paradise In 2011 Rey debuted the song “Video Games.” Both the song and its music video went viral and proved enormously popular with young music fans. Combining languid vocals, a lush and romantic orchestration, and lyrics that characterize a relationship built on obsessive devotion, the song perfectly crystallized the singer’s glamorous and complicated persona. Its equally enigmatic video, which Del Rey made using a webcam and spliced-in home movies and stock footage, introduced her distinctive production technique. She showed a gift for visuals that evoke nostalgia and melancholy through classic American iconography, with a peek at the culture’s underbelly. The song’s success led to Del Rey signing with Interscope Records. “Video Games” served as the lead single for her album Born to Die, released in January 2012.

　　Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Subscribe Now The same month that Born to Die dropped, Del Rey appeared as a musical guest on the late-night comedy show Saturday Night Live (SNL). Her underwhelming performances of “Video Games” and “Blue Jeans” were ripped to shreds by critics, who seemed to believe that Del Rey’s visible stage nerves were proof that she was a music industry creation with no artistic merit. Instead of “the next big thing,” Del Rey was held up as an inauthentic amalgamation of pop artistry, lacking talent or creative direction. Shortly after her SNL fiasco, the Observer wrote:

　　She’s a failed pop singer who got lip injections, changed her name, and now has a great backstory about living in a trailer that makes her New Jersey Chanteuse schtick as [clothing store] Urban Outfitters-ready as a pair of tight Levi’s [jeans].

　　Regardless of the critical backlash, Born to Die reached number two on the Billboard 200 chart and became the fifth highest-selling album in 2012, spawning songs that would become classics in Del Rey’s repertoire, including “Summertime Sadness.” Del Rey followed up later that year with the eight-track EP Paradise. Its singles include “Ride,” accompanied by a 10-minute video scripted by Del Rey, and “Body Electric,” which contains lyrics that encapsulate her image: “Elvis is my daddy / Marilyn’s my mother / Jesus is my bestest friend.” Paradise was nominated for a Grammy Award for best pop vocal album.

　　Later singles and albums In 2013 a remix by Cedric Gervais of “Summertime Sadness” reached number six on the Billboard 100 chart. That same year Del Rey released covers of Leonard Cohen’s “Chelsea Hotel No. 2” and Lee Hazlewood’s “Summer Wine,” both of which reflect her songwriting inspiration. But her standout work that year was the haunting and poignant “Young and Beautiful,” which was included on the soundtrack of Baz Luhrmann’s 2013 film adaptation of The Great Gatsby. The song earned Del Rey a Grammy nomination for best song written for visual media. In 2014 she released the album Ultraviolence, which debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 chart. That same year she recorded the title song for Tim Burton’s film Big Eyes and “Once upon a Dream” for the Disney film Maleficent. By this time, the type of gloomy aesthetic that Del Rey and other young female music artists had become known for had earned itself the nickname “Sad Girl,” which is also the title of one of Del Rey’s singles.

　　Del Rey proved to be a prolific songwriter, rolling out singles nearly every year. In 2015 she released Honeymoon, which went to number two on the Billboard 200 chart. Lust for Life dropped two years later. It debuted at number one and scored Del Rey another Grammy nomination for best pop vocal album. Its lead single, “Love,” went to number two on the Hot Rock & Alternative Songs chart. Her next album, Norman F***ing Rockwell! (2019), netted her two more Grammy nominations, for album of the year and song of the year (for the title track). Del Rey followed up with a spoken-word album, Violet Bent Backwards over the Grass (2020), and a book under the same title that features haiku and other poetic forms and photography.

　　Lana Del ReyLana Del Rey performing at Outside Lands music festival in San Francisco, 2023.(more)In 2021 Del Rey dropped two albums: Chemtrails over the Country Club came out in March, and Blue Banisters followed in October. Her next project, Did You Know That There’s a Tunnel Under Ocean Blvd (2023), explores new themes such as aging and grief. (Del Rey’s uncle died in 2016 while she was away on tour.) The album became her most critically successful offering yet, garnering her five Grammy nominations, including nods for album of the year and song of the year (for “A&W”). Having proven herself as one of the most indelible American songwriters of the early 21st century, Del Rey had unquestionably outlasted the critical ire of her early career and successfully replaced it with a distinct cultural relevance. In early 2024 she announced that she would be releasing a country album later in the year.

　　Collaborations and other projects Del Rey has partnered with other artists and pursued projects in other mediums. Among the musicians with whom she has collaborated are The Weeknd, Taylor Swift, Kanye West, Jon Batiste, Ariana Grande, and Miley Cyrus. Other ventures include modeling for the fashion retailer H&M and contributing photography to the book Flip-Side: Real and Imaginary Conversations with Lana Del Rey (2016) by James Franco and David Shields.

　　Controversial themes in her music Despite her strong album sales and many accolades, Del Rey has been criticized for appearing to romanticize abusive relationships, death, and depression in her songs and videos. Her critics in this regard have included Kim Gordon of the avant-garde rock group Sonic Youth and Frances Bean, the daughter of alternative rock band Nirvana’s Kurt Cobain, who died by suicide in 1994. In 2020 Del Rey posted a lengthy response to such criticisms on her Instagram page, writing:

　　I’m fed up with [other] female writers and alt singers saying that I glamorize abuse when in reality I’m just a glamorous person singing about the realities of what we are all now seeing are very prevalent emotionally abusive relationships all over the world.

　　She also wrote that she has “been honest and optimistic about the challenging relationships” she has had, adding, “That’s just how it is for many women.” However, Del Rey has also expressed regret about some of her early song lyrics, and in 2017 she announced that she would be retiring her song “Cola” (2012) from her concert set lists. The song’s sexually charged lyrics include a reference to former movie mogul Harvey Weinstein. At the height of the Me Too movement in 2017, multiple women accused Weinstein of sexual harassment and rape. (He was convicted of rape in 2020.) Del Rey said that she supported the women who had come forward about Weinstein and that retiring the song “would be the only right thing to do.”