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External Websites Ask the Chatbot a Question Written by Written by Kara Rogers Kara Rogers is the senior editor of biomedical sciences at Encyclopædia Britannica, where she oversees a range of content from medicine and genetics to microorganisms. She joined Britannica in 2006 and... Kara Rogers Fact-checked by Fact-checked by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica Last Updated: Oct. 15, 2025 •Article History Table of Contents Table of Contents Ask the Chatbot Proteins are the major building blocks of the body, serving most notably as the fundamental architects of muscle and fueling its growth and repair. But they also direct countless other biological functions. Each protein has its own structure and role, and with an estimated 20,000 encoded by the human genome—many with multiple variants, or proteoforms—they form a remarkably versatile group that contributes to nearly every aspect of biological activity, from cell function to immune protection....
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