Robert Swan (born July 28, 1956, Durham, England) is a British explorer and global environmental activist who became the first person to successfully walk to both the South Pole and the North Pole.

　　While studying history at the University of Durham in the mid-1970s, Swan became intrigued by British naval officer and explorer Robert Falcon Scott’s tragic expedition to the South Pole in 1910–12. (Scott and four other explorers reached the South Pole on January 17, 1912—only to discover that the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen had preceded them by about a month—but died of cold and hunger on their attempted return to their base camp at Cape Evans.) Swan spent the next decade organizing his own expedition to Antarctica. British mountaineer Roger Mear and Canadian mountaineer Gareth Wood set out with Swan from Cape Evans on November 3, 1985, in a planned re-creation of Scott’s trek, called “Footsteps of Scott.”

　　Britannica Quiz Exploration and Discovery Despite high winds, blinding snow, bitter cold, hunger, and occasional injuries, Swan and his companions hauled their heavy sledges 883 miles (1,421 km) and reached the South Pole on January 11, 1986. Because they did not carry a radio (in imitation of Scott’s trek), they did not learn that their support vessel had sunk after being crushed by ice until after their arrival at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, a U.S. scientific research center located at the South Pole. Swan reluctantly abandoned the plan to conduct the whole trip without outside help and accepted an airlift from the United States. In 1988 Swan, Mear, and Wood were awarded the Polar Medal by Queen Elizabeth II in recognition of their “outstanding achievement and service to British polar exploration.”

　　Swan next led an eight-member team on a trek of more than 600 miles (965 km) that reached the North Pole on May 14, 1989. The expedition, called “Icewalk,” received a great deal of worldwide media attention because Swan had dedicated it to raising global environmental awareness among young people. Sponsors funded a gathering of students from 15 countries at the Eureka Weather Station on Ellesmere Island, Canada, where they undertook their own mini-expedition and monitored the progress of Swan’s group.

　　Robert SwanBritish explorer and global environmental activist Robert Swan, 2016.(more)Deeply concerned about the destructive consequences of climate change, Swan established the 2041 Foundation, which he dedicated to the preservation of Antarctica through the promotion of environmental education among young people and the advocacy of recycling, renewable energy, and sustainability among community, business, and government leaders. The organization has sponsored several public expeditions to Antarctica to inspire and educate future environmental leaders. The 2041 Foundation was named for the year in which a 1991 protocol to the international Antarctic Treaty (1959) is understood to be open to renewal or renegotiation; the protocol bans mineral and oil exploration in Antarctica for 50 years and includes regulations for the protection of the Antarctic environment.

　　In January 1997 Swan joined a multinational group of students known as Young Explorers aboard a research and monitoring vessel for a voyage in Antarctic waters as part of the Tandem One Step Beyond program. Others throughout the world followed their progress via the Internet. Prior to this experience, Swan flew to the South Pole to attempt a journey that would have made him the first person to have walked across the continent of Antarctica. Poor weather conditions threw off his timetable, however, and he had to stop in order to reach the Young Explorers ship on time.

　　Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Subscribe Now In addition to the Polar Medal, Swan was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) and has been awarded many other honors. He has also been recognized as one of the best motivational speakers in the world.