The art of writing A princess and other pupils learning the art of calligraphy from a mullah (religious scholar or cleric) in the Mughal era. (more) Famous Books During the Mughal Empire Written by Urnesha Bhattacherjee Associate Editor, Britannica India Urnesha Bhattacherjee Fact-checked by Britannica Editors Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Britannica Editors Last updated Apr. 9, 2026 •History The literary culture of the Mughal Empire was among the most productive in the early modern world, and its surviving texts reflect something of the complexity that defined the dynasty. The Mughal court was a meeting point of Persian, Turkic, Sanskrit, and vernacular Indian traditions. Works written or commissioned during the period ranged from imperial chronicles to Sufi poetry and personal memoirs. What emerges across this literary canon is a recurring engagement between traditions: Akbar’s...

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