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  Battle of Balaklava 　　Battle of Balaklava, also spelled Balaclava, (Oct. 25 [Oct. 13, Old Style], 1854), indecisive military engagement of the Crimean War, best known as the inspiration of the English poet Alfred, Lord Tennyson’s “Charge of the Light Brigade.” In this battle, the Russians failed to capture Balaklava, the Black Sea supply port of the British, French, and Turkish allied forces in...
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  Yorgos Lanthimos 　　Yorgos Lanthimos (born September 23, 1973, Athens, Greece) is a Greek director and screenwriter known for his surreal films that combine absurd scenarios, striking set designs, and stories of penetrating psychological insight. Lanthimos learned his trade directing television commercials and music videos in Greece before turning to feature films. His movies include The Favourite (2018) and Poor Things (2023), both...
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  Wu Minxia 　　Wu Minxia (born November 10, 1985, Shanghai, China) is the most-decorated female athlete in the history of diving and became the most-decorated Chinese athlete in Olympic history at the 2016 Games in Rio de Janeiro. There she won her seventh medal overall, more than any other Chinese athlete. One of the medals Wu won was a gold medal for the...
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  Valerie Adams 　　Valerie Adams (born October 6, 1984, Rotorua, New Zealand) is a retired shot-putter and Olympian who was virtually undefeated in the major international competitions in her sport between 2006 and 2014. She competed in five Olympic Games, earning gold medals in two. Adams also earned gold medals in three Commonwealth Games and several IAAF (International Association of Athletics Federations) World...
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  Tamara de Lempicka 　　Tamara de Lempicka (born May 16, 1898?, Warsaw, Poland?—died March 18, 1980, Cuernavaca, Mexico) was a 20th-century artist who created a unique painting style, often called “stylized cubism,” which appears to combine the monumentality of 16th-century Mannerism, the mechanical feel of Italian Futurism, and the exaggeration of contemporary fashion magazines. De Lempicka is perhaps best known for depicting the ideal...
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  Stephanie Wilson 　　Stephanie Wilson (born September 27, 1966, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.) is an American astronaut who has made three spaceflights to the International Space Station (ISS) on the space shuttle Discovery and is part of the Artemis team of astronauts who are to fly to the Moon in the mid-2020s. She was the second Black woman in space, after Mae Jemison. 　　Wilson...
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  Sophie Pascoe 　　Sophie Pascoe (born January 8, 1993, Christchurch, New Zealand) is a New Zealand swimmer and the country’s most successful Paralympian, having won a total of 19 Paralympic medals. She has competed in four Paralympic Games, a major international sports competition for athletes with disabilities comparable to the Olympic Games. For Paralympic athletes there are 10 eligible impairment types—including limb deficiency,...
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  Sergeant Stubby 　　 　　Sergeant Stubby at your serviceStubby sporting a blanket bedecked with medals made for him by the women of a French town he helped liberate during World War I.(more)Sergeant Stubby was a stray dog whose heroic service during World War I (1914–18) saved lives and even led to the capture of a German spy. He was the unofficial mascot for...
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  Satoshi Nakamoto 　　 　　Satoshi NakamotoHypothetical depiction of Bitcoin developer Satoshi Nakamoto.(more)Satoshi Nakamoto is the presumed pseudonym used by the person (or persons) who helped develop the first Bitcoin software and introduced the concept of cryptocurrency to the general public via the paper “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System” (2008). Nakamoto was the first to solve the problem of digital cryptocurrency being wrongly...
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  Sally Pearson 　　Sally Pearson (born September 19, 1986, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia) is a retired track athlete and Olympian considered to be one of the most successful Australian hurdlers of all time. Pearson won a gold medal in the 100-meter hurdles at the London 2012 Olympic Games, and she was also the world champion in the event in 2011 and 2017....
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  Roy Cohn 　　Roy Cohn (born February 20, 1927, Bronx, New York, U.S.—died August 2, 1986, Bethesda, Maryland) was a lawyer and a controversial public figure who rose to prominence through his alliance with U.S. Sen. Joseph McCarthy and his tenacious legal representation of high-profile clients, including businessman and future U.S. president Donald Trump, shipping magnate Aristotle Onassis, and organized-crime leaders, such as...
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  Robert Swan 　　Robert Swan (born July 28, 1956, Durham, England) is a British explorer and global environmental activist who became the first person to successfully walk to both the South Pole and the North Pole. 　　While studying history at the University of Durham in the mid-1970s, Swan became intrigued by British naval officer and explorer Robert Falcon Scott’s tragic expedition to the...
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  Rob Zombie 　　Rob Zombie (born January 12, 1965, Haverhill, Massachusetts, U.S.) is an American heavy metal musician and filmmaker whose work is known for its motifs of horror and science fiction. Zombie earned fame initially through his role as frontman of the heavy metal band White Zombie in the 1980s and ’90s, and he later gained prominence through his solo career and...
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  Rayssa Leal 　　Rayssa Leal (born January 4, 2008, Imperatriz, Maranhão, Brazil) is a professional skateboarder who won the silver medal in street skateboarding at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics (delayed until 2021 because of the COVID-19 pandemic), becoming at age 13 one of the youngest medalists in the history of the Games and the youngest Olympic medalist from Brazil. 　　What’s a heel flip?In...
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  Rafi Bistritzer 　　Rafi Bistritzer (born 1974, Israel) is an Israeli physicist known for his work on graphene. 　　Bistritzer was born into a family of physicians and seemed likely to follow them into the medical profession, but his first high-school physics teacher awoke in him an interest in physics. He received a bachelor’s degree in physics and computer science from Tel-Aviv University in...
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  Percival Everett 　　Percival Everett (born December 22, 1956, Fort Gordon (now Fort Eisenhower), Georgia, U.S.) is an American writer whose works reflect a wide range of subjects and styles and often deal head-on with philosophy and preconceptions concerning race. He has authored more than 30 books of fiction and poetry, including the novels I Am Not Sidney Poitier (2009), So Much Blue...
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  Pablo Jarillo-Herrero 　　Pablo Jarillo-Herrero (born 1976, Valencia, Spain) is a Spanish physicist known for his work in the field of twistronics, the study of how the properties of layers of two-dimensional materials change when one layer is rotated with respect to the other. 　　Jarillo-Herrero received a bachelor’s degree in physics from the University of Valencia in Spain in 1999. He earned a...
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  Nolan Arenado 　　Nolan Arenado (born April 16, 1991, Newport Beach, California, U.S.) is a professional baseball player considered to be one of the best all-around third basemen in Major League Baseball (MLB). An elite infielder, Arenado won the Gold Glove Award in each of his first 10 seasons. He made his MLB debut with the Colorado Rockies in 2013 and quickly became...
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  Neil Sedaka 　　Neil Sedaka (born March 13, 1939, Brooklyn, New York, U.S.) is an American singer, songwriter, composer, and pianist, one of the most prolific songwriters of his era, having written or cowritten more than 500 songs, including the hits “Calendar Girl” (1959), “Breaking Up Is Hard to Do” (1960), and “Happy Birthday, Sweet Sixteen” (1961). Although Sedaka himself performed many of...
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  Natalie Diaz 　　Natalie Diaz (born September 4, 1978, Fort Mojave Indian Village, Needles, California, U.S.) is an American poet who won the 2021 Pulitzer Prize for poetry for her book Postcolonial Love Poem (2020). She is also a Native language activist working to revitalize the Mojave language. 　　Diaz grew up in the Fort Mojave Indian Village, on the Fort Mojave Indian Reservation,...

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