Stephanie Wilson (born September 27, 1966, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.) is an American astronaut who has made three spaceflights to the International Space Station (ISS) on the space shuttle Discovery and is part of the Artemis team of astronauts who are to fly to the Moon in the mid-2020s. She was the second Black woman in space, after Mae Jemison.

　　Wilson received a bachelor’s degree in engineering science from Harvard University in 1988. She then went to the aerospace company Martin Marietta in Denver, where she worked on the Titan IV rocket until 1990. She earned a master’s degree in aerospace engineering from the University of Texas at Austin in 1992. She then worked at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, where she was responsible for the pointing accuracy of the Galileo spacecraft orbiting Jupiter. Wilson was selected as a NASA astronaut in 1996 and then trained for two years to be eligible to fly into space.

　　In 2002 Wilson was assigned to her first spaceflight, as part of the crew of the space shuttle mission STS-120, which would have launched to the ISS in 2004. However, after the Columbia disaster in February 2003, in which seven astronauts died when that shuttle broke apart in the atmosphere during reentry, a shuttle did not return to space until July 2005. Wilson’s first spaceflight was the STS-121 mission of the space shuttle Discovery, which launched on July 4, 2006, to the ISS. STS-121 was the second flight after the Columbia disaster, and thus a key aim of the mission was testing safety procedures that would detect shuttle orbiter damage like that which doomed Columbia. Wilson and astronaut Lisa Nowak operated Discovery’s robotic arm, which had a sensor system attached, to check that Discovery’s wings and underside were not damaged. Wilson used the ISS’s robotic arm to attach an Italian-built supply module, Leonardo, to the ISS and then place Leonardo back in Discovery’s cargo bay for return to Earth. Discovery was in space more than 12 days.

　　Wilson went into space again, this time on the rescheduled STS-120 mission, which launched on October 23, 2007. The space shuttle Discovery carried the Harmony module to the ISS, and Wilson once again operated the robotic arms of the shuttle and the ISS, this time to help attach Harmony to the ISS, to move an ISS truss to a new location, and to assist in the four space walks that took place during the mission. STS-120 spent 15 days in orbit.

　　Dorothy Metcalf-Lindenburger, Stephanie Wilson, Tracy Caldwell-Dyson, and Yamazaki Naoko on the ISS(Clockwise from lower right) NASA astronauts Dorothy Metcalf-Lindenburger and Stephanie Wilson, both STS-131 mission specialists; Tracy Caldwell-Dyson, Expedition 23 flight engineer; and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency astronaut and STS-131 mission specialist Yamazaki Naoko in the cupola of the International Space Station (ISS), April 2010. They set the record for most women in space simultaneously.(more)Wilson returned to the ISS on Discovery on her third spaceflight, STS-131, which launched on April 5, 2010. Discovery again carried the Leonardo module, and Wilson and Japanese astronaut Yamazaki Naoko used the ISS’s arm to attach it to the station. When Wilson, Yamazaki, and their fellow Discovery astronaut, Dorothy Metcalf-Lindenburger, joined Tracy Caldwell-Dyson, who was already on the ISS, the four set a record for the most women in space at the same time. STS-131 spent 15 days in orbit, which means that, on her three spaceflights, Wilson spent almost 43 days in space.

　　astronauts testing Orion spacecraft(From left) Astronauts Stephanie Wilson, Karen Nyberg, and Rick Mastracchio performing tests in a model of an Orion spacecraft at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston.(more)In 2020 Wilson was chosen for the group of 18 astronauts eligible to fly in the Artemis program, which is to return American astronauts to the Moon for the first time since 1972. On the Artemis III mission, scheduled for 2026, two astronauts are to land on the lunar surface. Those astronauts, whom NASA has said will be the first woman and the first person of color on the Moon, are to spend almost a week in the Moon’s south polar region.

　　Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Subscribe Now Wilson is scheduled to launch to the ISS on the SpaceX Crew-9 mission in August 2024. She is to spend about six months in space and return to Earth in February 2025.