Malcolm X The charismatic and controversial Nation of Islam figure was assassinated on February 21, 1965. Questions linger about his death. (more) The Assassination of Malcolm X Many questions remain, and the truth about the wrongful conviction of two men only came after 55 years. Written by Tracy Grant Tracy Grant is a senior editor at Encyclopaedia Britannica. She previously served as editor in chief, the first woman to hold that title. Tracy Grant Fact-checked by Britannica Editors Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Britannica Editors Last updated Apr. 14, 2026 •History Malcolm X, the fiery and controversial American Muslim leader, was shot and killed on February 21, 1965, in the Audubon Ballroom in New York City. More than 50 years after his death, two of the three men convicted in his assassination were exonerated. The enduring debate about who fired the fatal shots—and perhaps more importantly, who orchestrated the killing—make the question “Who killed Malcolm X?” one that continues to intrigue historians, lawyers, and activists. What...

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